Android: screen.screenshot() captures a TextureView or a SurfaceView as transparent pixels #197

Describe the bug

On Android, screen.screenshot() returns the area of a TextureView or a SurfaceView as fully transparent pixels, while the device shows their content. Any view a GPU renders — react-native-skia, react-native-webgpu, a video or camera preview, a map — therefore can't be checked with toMatchImageSnapshot on Android.

On screen (adb exec-out screencap -p)	screen.screenshot()

A red TextureView above a blue SurfaceView, each 100 × 100 dp; the checkerboard marks transparent pixels.

UIHelperImpl.captureScreenshot draws the view tree into a software Bitmap (root.draw(canvas)). A TextureView draws nothing into a software canvas (TextureView: "When rendered in software, TextureView will draw nothing"), and a SurfaceView's content lives on a surface of its own behind the window, which leaves a transparent hole over it.

A fix I have working: capture an on-screen region with PixelCopy (API 26+). PixelCopy.request(window, …) copies the window's surface, which TextureViews render into, and PixelCopy.request(surfaceView, …) copies each visible SurfaceView's surface, drawn under the window's copy so it shows through the hole. Off-screen elements keep the direct view draw. With it, the screenshot above matches the screen pixel for pixel. One limit: SurfaceView.isZOrderedOnTop() is hidden API, so a SurfaceView set on top of its window would be drawn under it; a host-side adb exec-out screencap from the Android runner, like the web runner's Playwright capture, has no such limit. I can open a PR with either approach.

System Info

System:
  OS: Windows 11 10.0.26200
Binaries:
  Node: 26.5.0
SDKs:
  Android SDK:
    API Levels: 35, 36, 37
    Build Tools: 35.0.0, 36.0.0, 36.1.0, 37.0.0
Android:
  hermesEnabled: true
  newArchEnabled: true
react-native: 0.82.1 (apps/playground)
Device: Android emulator, API 36, x86_64

React Native Harness Version

1.5.0 (main at 58850ce)

Reproduction

https://github.com/YevheniiKotyrlo/react-native-harness/tree/repro/android-screenshot-gpu-surfaces

Steps to reproduce

1. Check out the branch above. It adds two native views to the playground — a TextureView and a SurfaceView that each paint one color from the CPU — and src/__tests__/normal/ui/surfaces.android.harness.tsx, which waits until both have shown their frame and then screenshots each.
2. Build the playground for Android and run react-native-harness --harnessRunner android src/__tests__/normal/ui/surfaces.android.harness.tsx.
3. The run passes, because toMatchImageSnapshot writes a missing snapshot, and the snapshots it writes, __image_snapshots__/android/texture-view-red.png and surface-view-blue.png, are fully transparent instead of red and blue.